Sektor Pertanian dan Ketimpangan Pendapatan Antar Wilayah di Provinsi Sumatera Barat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/joseta.v1i1.5Keywords:
Disparitas, index williamson, PDRBAbstract
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) menghitung perbedaan pendapatan daerah di provinsi Sumatera Barat dan tren 20 tahun antara 1995 hingga 2014; dan (2) menganalisis peran sektor pertanian dalam perbedaan pendapatan daerah di provinsi tersebut. Indeks Williamson digunakan untuk menghitung disparitas pendapatan daerah berdasarkan data Produk Domestik Bruto Regional (RGDP) tahunan 12 kabupaten dan 7 kota di provinsi Sumatera Barat. Untuk melihat peran sektor pertanian dalam memengaruhi kesenjangan pendapatan daerah, perbandingan dibuat antara nilai-nilai indeks Williamson yang dihitung dengan dan tanpa kontribusi sektor pertanian dalam RGDP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) disparitas pendapatan daerah di Sumatera Barat berfluktuasi antara 1995 dan 2014 tetapi trend keseluruhan cenderung menurun. Indeks Williamson tertinggi adalah pada tahun 2002 sebesar 0,98 sedangkan yang terendah terjadi pada 2014 sebesar 0,26, (2) Sektor pertanian memiliki peran yang cukup signifikan dalam mengurangi kesenjangan pendapatan daerah di Sumatera Barat. Analisis uji dua sampel menunjukkan Indeks Williamson yang dihitung tanpa kontribusi sektor pertanian dalam RGDP jauh lebih rendah daripada indeks yang dihitung dengan kontribusi pertanian. Pada analisis Kendall's Tau juga menunjukkan ada hubungan antara kontribusi sektor pertanian dalam RGDP dan nilai indeks Williamson. Secara keseluruhan, tren penurunan kesenjangan pendapatan daerah di Sumatera Barat seiring dengan peningkatan kontribusi sektor pertanian dalam RGDP
Kata kunci : Disparitas, index williamson, PDRB.
The objectives of this study are to (1) calculate the regional income disparity in the province of West Sumatra and its20 years trend between 1995 to 2014; and (2) analyze the role of agriculture sector in regional income disparity in the province. Williamson index is used to calculate regional income disparity based on data on yearly Regional Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) of 12 districts and 7 municipalities within the province of West Sumatra. To see the role of agricultural sector in influencing regional income disparity, comparison is made between the values of Williamson index calculated with and without agricultural sector’s contribution in RGDP. The results show that (1) regional income disparity in West Sumatera has beenfluctuating between 1995 and 2014 but overall trend has been declining. The highest Williamson Index is in 2002 at 0.98 while the lowest occurred in 2014 at 0.26, (2) Agricultural sector has quite a significant role in reducing regional income disparity in West Sumatera. Further analysis using two related samples test confirms that Williamson Index calculated without agricultural sector contribution in RGDP is significantly lower than index calculated with agricultural contribution. Analysis employing Kendall’s Tau also confirms the association betweenthe contribution of agricultural sector in RGDP and the value of Williamson index. Over all, the declining trend of regional income disparity in West Sumatra coincides with the increasing contribution of agricultural sector in the RGDP.
Keywords: Inequality of Income (Disparity), Williamson Index, RGDP, Role of Agriculture Sector
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